Freckles result from the effect of ultraviolet rays on the skin which is inherently susceptible. Although they are not a disorder, freckles, particularly on the face and hands can be very effectively treated with Laser to give skin a much more youthful appearance.
Freckles are little brown colored spots on the skin which are caused by over-exposure to the sunlight. When the sunrays damage pigment producing element melanocytes freckles appear on the skin. Usually, freckles start to occur at a very young age. Freckles most commonly occur in people with lighter or fairer skin types, and in those who have a genetic predisposition to developing freckles.
laser skin resurfacing is the current gold standard in clearing facial freckles. Laser freckle removal treatments work by emitting heat and light energy onto the pigmented spots on the skin’s surface. The energy from the laser is absorbed by oxyhemoglobin and melanin, causing the complete breakdown of the darker cells while leaving healthier cells alone. The most common types of lasers used for laser freckle removal are the 532nm ND:YAG laser and the Q-Switched Ruby laser.
Nd YAG laser is a versatile laser. It has a wave length of 1064 nm and has the capability to reach deeper layers of skin tissue. In Q - switched mode Nd YAG produces two wavelengths, one in the infrared range (1064nm), this is used for blue tattoos, deep (professional) tattoos and dermal pigmented lesions. Second is 532nm which is useful for superficial brown lesions,solar lentigenes,freckles and red / orange tattoos. Pigment removal is done by rapid short pulsed laser beams.
The Q-switched ruby laser has a wavelength, 694nm, that is highly attracted to melanin. Therefore, the laser energy tends to be attracted to freckles, which are high in melanin, in preference to normal skin, which has lower levels of melanin.Furthermore, the q-switched ruby laser has extremely short pulses of laser energy, each pulse lasting only a few nanoseconds. The production of high energy levels in this short period of time also has a photo-acoustic effect on the melanin in the freckles, literally shattering the pigment particles.
fractional laser resurfacing Fraxel can also be used to treat freckles. This works in a different way to ND:YAG laser and the Q-Switched Ruby laser. It lays down very small islands of laser energy which heat up the skin and cause an 'exfoliation' of the top layers which include the freckles. The Fraxel laser's advantages include reduced downtime and pain during treatment, but slightly higher chance of requiring more treatments. Also, the Fraxel laser does make the skin look 'polished' after treatment.
A series of laser resurfacing treatment are required in order to get rid of freckles completely, and these may be spaced about a month apart so that the skin has time to shed, heal and restore itself before the next treatment. Some spots may reappear if they are exposed to the sun. It’s important to use sunscreen immediately after the treatment, and to protect the skin from excessive sun exposure at all times.
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